#CSS Selector from HTML Document

[graphicdesign01bbsmit]

Mastering Web Development: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners

In the vast landscape of technology, web development stands as a crucial cornerstone. It encompasses the art and science of building websites, ranging from simple static pages to complex web applications. Whether you're aiming to pursue a career in software development or seeking to enhance your digital presence, understanding web development is essential.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll take you through the fundamental concepts and practical skills needed to master web development from scratch. Let's dive in!

1. Understanding HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

HTML serves as the backbone of every web page, providing the structure and content. It uses tags to define different elements such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links. By mastering HTML, you'll be able to create well-structured and semantically meaningful web documents.

2. Exploring CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is the language used to style HTML elements, enhancing their appearance and layout. With CSS, you can customize colors, fonts, spacing, and more, giving your website a polished and professional look. Understanding CSS selectors and properties is essential for effective styling.

3. Introduction to JavaScript

JavaScript is a versatile programming language that adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. From simple animations to complex web applications, JavaScript powers a wide range of functionalities. Learning JavaScript fundamentals such as variables, functions, and events is crucial for web development.

4. Building Responsive Websites

In today's mobile-centric world, it's essential to create websites that adapt seamlessly to various screen sizes and devices. Responsive web design achieves this by using fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries. Mastering responsive design principles ensures that your websites look great on desktops, tablets, and smartphones.

5. Introduction to Version Control with Git

Git is a powerful tool for tracking changes in your codebase and collaborating with other developers. By learning Git basics such as branching, merging, and committing, you can streamline your development workflow and effectively manage project versions.

6. Introduction to Front-End Frameworks

Front-end frameworks like Bootstrap, Foundation, and Materialise provide pre-designed components and stylesheets to expedite web development. By leveraging these frameworks, you can create responsive and visually appealing websites with less effort and code.

7. Introduction to Back-End Development

While front-end development focuses on the user interface, back-end development deals with server-side logic and database management. Learning back-end languages such as Node.js, Python, or PHP enables you to build dynamic web applications and handle user interactions efficiently.

8. Deploying Your Website

Once you've developed your website, it's time to make it accessible to the world. Deploying a website involves selecting a web hosting provider, uploading your files, and configuring domain settings. Understanding the deployment process ensures that your website goes live smoothly.

9. Conclusion and Next Steps

Congratulations on completing this comprehensive guide to mastering web development! By now, you've gained a solid understanding of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, version control, frameworks, and deployment. As you continue your journey in web development, remember to stay curious, practice regularly, and explore advanced topics to further refine your skills.

Resources for Further Learning:

Online tutorials and documentation

Interactive coding platforms

Community forums and discussion groups

Next Steps:

Explore advanced topics such as web performance optimization, server-side rendering, and progressive web apps.

Build real-world projects to apply your skills and showcase your portfolio.

Stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in web development through blogs, podcasts, and conferences.

With dedication and perseverance, you'll continue to evolve as a proficient web developer, creating innovative solutions and contributing to the ever-changing digital landscape . Happy coding!

[mercyjuliet1512]

Becoming a Selenium Expert: Your Roadmap to Success

Selenium, the open-source web automation testing framework, has revolutionized the software testing industry by empowering testers to automate repetitive tasks and ensure the reliability of web applications. If you're looking to embark on a journey to master Selenium, you're in the right place. This comprehensive guide will take you through every step, from understanding the basics to mastering advanced topics, and even finding the best training resources to hone your skills.

Before you dive into the world of Selenium, it's crucial to establish a strong foundation in software testing and understand why test automation is essential. 

Here's a step-by-step roadmap to kickstart your Selenium learning journey:

Understanding the Basics of Testing

Acquiring a solid understanding of software testing concepts is the foundation upon which your Selenium journey begins. It's crucial to grasp various testing types and recognize the significance of test automation in enhancing software quality. Software testing serves as the first line of defense against defects and errors, ensuring that the final product meets the desired quality standards. By understanding the basics of testing, you gain valuable insights into why Selenium automation is indispensable in today's software development landscape.

Learning the Fundamentals of Selenium

At the heart of Selenium automation lies Selenium WebDriver. To embark on your Selenium journey, you should start by comprehending its fundamentals. Selenium WebDriver acts as the bridge between your code and the web browser, enabling you to automate interactions with web elements. Fortunately, there is a wealth of online tutorials, documentation, and courses available to assist you in mastering Selenium. This powerful tool is your gateway to automating web testing, and a solid grasp of its fundamentals is essential for your success.

Choosing a Programming Language

Selenium is versatile in that it supports multiple programming languages, including Java, Python, C#, and more. When choosing a programming language, consider your comfort level and your eagerness to learn. Java, with its extensive community support and compatibility with Selenium, is a popular choice among practitioners. Your choice of programming language will be the medium through which you communicate with Selenium WebDriver, making it a pivotal decision in your Selenium journey.

Setting Up an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Efficiency is key when it comes to writing and executing Selenium scripts. To streamline your workflow, it's essential to install a suitable Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Eclipse or IntelliJ IDEA. These IDEs provide a conducive environment for coding, debugging, and running your Selenium scripts efficiently. Your IDE will become your trusted companion throughout your Selenium automation endeavors.

Mastering HTML and CSS

Selenium interacts directly with web elements, which underscores the importance of having a solid understanding of HTML and CSS. These foundational technologies govern the structure and style of web pages, and proficiency in them is crucial for locating and manipulating elements on web pages effectively. By mastering HTML and CSS, you equip yourself with the skills needed to navigate the web and interact seamlessly with the elements you encounter.

Practicing Locators

Web elements come in various shapes and sizes, and Selenium provides a range of locators to help you identify and interact with them effectively. Locators like XPath and CSS selectors are indispensable tools in your Selenium toolkit. Understanding how to use these locators to pinpoint web elements is a fundamental skill that will serve you well in your Selenium journey.

Hands-on Practice

Theory alone will only take you so far in mastering Selenium. To become proficient, you must put theory into practice. Initiate your Selenium journey by working on simple test scenarios and gradually progress to more complex ones. Real-world practice not only solidifies your understanding but also hones your problem-solving skills, a critical aspect of successful Selenium automation.

Exploring TestNG or JUnit

TestNG and JUnit are robust testing frameworks that seamlessly integrate with Selenium. They provide valuable features for organizing and managing your test cases effectively. Exploring these frameworks is a natural progression in your Selenium journey, as they enhance your ability to structure and execute tests systematically. TestNG and JUnit are powerful allies that will help you maintain control and organization in your automated testing endeavors.

Exploring Advanced Topics

Once you have established a solid grasp of the fundamentals, it's time to delve into more advanced aspects of Selenium. These advanced topics will not only deepen your understanding but also equip you with the skills needed to tackle complex web testing scenarios effectively.

Learning Automation Best Practices

In addition to mastering advanced topics, understanding and implementing automation best practices are crucial for becoming a proficient automation tester. These practices contribute to the efficiency, maintainability, and effectiveness of your automation projects.

Embarking on your Selenium learning journey is an exciting and rewarding endeavor that opens doors to a world of possibilities in the realm of software testing and quality assurance. As you navigate the path from understanding testing basics to mastering Selenium's advanced features, remember that practice, perseverance, and a passion for continuous learning are your allies.

In your pursuit of excellence, consider seeking quality Selenium training and guidance. ACTE Technologies stands as a beacon in this regard, offering comprehensive Selenium training programs. These programs provide structured curricula, hands-on experience, expert instructors, and certifications that can validate your Selenium expertise.

So, embrace your Selenium learning journey with enthusiasm, apply your newfound skills in real-world scenarios, and consider the invaluable resources and training opportunities ACTE Technologies offers to further enhance your Selenium proficiency. With dedication and the right resources, you're well on your way to becoming a web automation testing expert. Happy learning!

[fromdevcom]

Ruby is one of the most popular programming languages in the digital world. One of the reasons for the popularity of Ruby is its characteristic nature of reusability through codes wrapped in the form of gems. It is easy to add functionalities in Ruby through packaged libraries and this is one of the nicest things about Ruby development. Recently there has been a release of Rail 5 and there are many useful and popular Ruby Rails available for your usage. This article will briefly and specifically talk about few useful and popular gems that can save you a lot of time re-inventing. As a beginner at ruby programming, you may also find these ruby books handy for learning. Ruby Libraries For Authentication Authlogic This is a clean, unobtrusive and simple Ruby authentication solution that supports both Rails 3 and 4. A new type of model was introduced through Authlogic. The solution program has the option to logout or destroys the session. CanCan All permissions in this Ruby Rails is defined in a single location called the Ability class. This is not duplicated across views database queries and controllers. You can install it as a plugin. OmniAuth It is a standardized multi-provider authentication tool for web applications that is flexible and powerful and allows the developer to create strategies, which are released individually as RubyGems. Devise It is a flexible authentication solution for Rails that is based on Warden. This solution is Rack based and is a complete MVC solution based in Rail engines. Through this, the user can log in to multiple models. File Processing and Upload Utility Libraries in Ruby CarrierWave It offers extremely flexible and a simple way for uploading files from Ruby applications. Rack based web applications like Ruby on Rails is the best on which it works. Paperclip The main aim to create this is to make it an easy file attachment library for Active Record. It now works on Ruby version that is equal or higher than 1.9.2 and Rails version higher than or equal to 3.0. This is required only when the user is using Ruby on Rails. FasterCSV It was built with the intension that it serves as the replacement of the standard CSV library of Ruby. It is significantly fast compared to CSV at the same, it is a Pure Ruby library. Spreadsheet As the name suggests, this library is designed to read and write Spreadsheet Document. It is compatible with only Microsoft Excel spreadsheet as of version 0.6.0. User Interface Libraries in Ruby Kaminari This is a scope and engine based Ruby solution. This is a sophisticated paginator for modern web application frameworks or ORMs. This application offers users the choice of customization too. Haml This is an HTML abstraction markup language that is based on a primary principle, which says that markup is necessary to be beautiful. It has the ability to simplify yet accelerate the creation of template down to veritable haiku. Sass This is an extension of CSS3 and it makes CSS fun. This has the ability to add nested rules, mixins, selector inheritance, variables and many others. It has two syntaxes – main syntax SCSS and superset of CSS3’s syntax. Mustache The views in Mustache are broken into two parts – Ruby class and HTML template. It is inspired by et and ctemplate. It is a framework-agnostic way of rendering logic-free views. Compass It is an open-source CSS Authoring framework and it uses Sass, which is an extension of CSS3. It has the best reusable patterns on the web. Compass mixins ease out the use of CSS3 and create good typographic rhythm. Hirb It offers mini view framework for console applications and uses the same in order to improve the ripl’s or rib’s default inspect output. It offers reusable views of two helper classes – Table and Tree. Unit Testing and Automation Libraries in Ruby Shoulda This gem is a meta gem that has two dependencies – shoulda context and shoulda matchers. This can be used in different tests and uses case combinations. Factory Girl This is a fixture replacement that has a straightforward definition syntax.

It can support multiple build strategies like saved and unsaved instances, stubbed objects and attribute hashes. It also supports multiple factories of same classes. Capybara This helps you testing the web applications through simulation of real users interacting with your app. It comes with Rack and has built in Selenium and Test support. The external gem supports the WebKit. Capistrano Capistrano works with the Ruby Rails that are higher or equal to the version 1.9. This rail supports JRuby and C-Ruby or YARV. It can create different stages in the capfile. Delayed Job It is a direct extraction from Shopify in which the job table performs a wide array of core tasks, which includes sending of massive newsletters, image resizing, http downloads and many others. Resque This is a Redis-backed library used for creating background jobs. It places those jobs on multiple queues and processes them later. The latest version is 2.0, which has a master branch. Nano Test It has the framework that has a very minimal testing and is perfect plugin for those who love DIY. Picture / Image Processing Libraries in Ruby Rmagick The new release version of this Ruby Rail is 2.13.2. This is Ruby Gem has the ability to add bundles of Gemfile and you can install the application directly. Smusher There is no need of image libraries and everything can be done through the interwebs. The file is less in size, offers 97% saving, faster downloads and less bandwidth makes the users happy to use it. XML Parsing and Processing Libraries in Ruby Nokogiri It is an XML Reader, SAX and HTML parser. Its ability to search documents through CSS3 and XPath selectors is one of its key features. It can also build XML/HTML. Gyoku The main function of this Ruby gem is to translate the Hashes into XML. It is available through Rubygems and can be directly installed or by adding it to the gem file. Feedjira.com It is a Ruby library that is designed to fetch and parse the feeds very quickly. The recent release version is 1.0 and it is a Ruby gem application. JSON Parsing and Processing Libraries in Ruby JSON It is regarded as the low fat alternate to XML and a pure Ruby variant. This is useful if you want to store data in a disk or transmit the same over a network, rather than to use as a verbose markup language. JSON – Stream It is a JSON parser that is based on a finite state machine. It is more like an XML SAX parser and can generate events during parsing. Document or object graphs are not required for it to be fully buffered in memory. YAJL C Bindings It is a C binding to YAJL JSON parsing and generation library. It can directly conduct JSON parsing as well as encode to and from IO stream like socket or file and String. It offers API compatibility and is a basic HTTP client. Domain Specific Language Libraries in Ruby Formtastic It is a Rails FormBuilder DSL that has some other goodies. This makes it easier to create beautiful and semantically rich HTML forms in your Rails application that are accessible and syntactically awesome. Jbuilder It offers you a simple DSL enabling you to declare JSON structures that can beat massaging giant hash structures. It proved to be helpful during the generation process that is overloaded with loops and conditionals. Thor It is like a tool kit that is used for building powerful command line interface. Apart from Rails, it can also be used in Vagrant, Bundler and many others. Build and Dependency Management Libraries in Ruby Bundler This unique software ensures that same code runs in every machine by Ruby applications. It aesthetically manages all gems upon which the application depends on. If you give the names of the gems, it can automatically download them. RAKE It is a program that resembles Make program built for Ruby. The dependencies and tasks in this program are specified in standard Ruby syntax and there are no XML files to edit. Compression Libraries in Ruby Jammit This is an asset packaging library for Rails that has industrial strength.

It has the capacity to provide compression and concatenation of both CSS and JavaScript. The available current version is 0.6.5. Payment Processing Libraries in Ruby Active Merchant This is a Ruby Rail that deals with payment processors and credit cards. This application is an extraction from Shopify, which is an e-commerce software solution. It can be used as a Ruby on Rails web application. Concurrency Libraries in Ruby EventMachine It is a lightweight concurrency library for Ruby, which is an event-driven I/O. It uses Reactor patterns like Apache MINA, JBoss Netty, Node.js, Python’s Twisted and many others. Application Servers n Ruby Phusion Passenger It is a lightweight, robust and a fast web application server for Ruby and also supports Python and Node.js. Its C++ core along with watchdog system and zero-capacity architecture makes it fast. It has hybrid-evented multi-process and multi-threaded design. Configuration Management Libraries in Ruby Chef It is a configuration management tool that is designed in such a way that it can automate your entire infrastructure. By learning and using Chef, you can administer IT infrastructure from your workstation like your desktop or laptop. RConfig It is a complete solution as far as Ruby configuration management is concerned and manages the configurations that are available in Ruby applications, bridging gaps between kay/value based property files and XML/YAML. MVC Framework Related Libraries Thinking Sphinx It is a library that connects ActiveRecords to the Sphinx full-text search tools. Though it can closely integrate with Rails, it can also function with other Ruby web frameworks. The currently available version is 3.1.1. Will Paginate This is basically a collection of extensions suitable for the database layers that enable paginated queries and view helpers for frameworks that offer pagination links. It helps in combining view helpers and CSS styling. Squeel This is the best tool that users can use to write Active Records queries using fewer strings with more Ruby. It makes the Arel awesomeness accessible that lie beneath Active Records. HasScope This tool enables users to create controller filters with ease based on the resources that are named 'scopes'. Users can use the named scopes as filters by declaring them on the controllers. Security Related Libraries in Ruby Rack::SslEnforcer This is a simple Rack middleware that can enforce SSL connections. The cookies are by default marked as secure entities by the 0.2.0 version of Rack::SslEnforcer. It works with various versions of Ruby, Ruby-head, and REE. Ngrok It has the capacity to create tunnels from the public internet that it can port to a local machine. Through this tunnel, it captures all internet or HTTP traffic information. Developer Help, Debugging and Tuning Libraries Bullet Bullet gem is designed in such a way that it increases the performance of applications. It does that by reducing the number of queries that it makes. It can support ActiveRecord as well as Mongoid. Debugger It is a fork of Ruby debug that works only on 1.9.2 and 1.9.3. It can be easily installed for rvm or rbenv Rubies. It can support Rubies that are 1.9.x and doesn't support Rubies that are higher or equal to 2.0. Rack Mini Profiler This is a type of middleware that has the feature of displaying speed badge for every HTML page and helps in database profiling. It is designed in such a way that it can work in both production and development. Quiet Assets It supports Ruby on Rail versions that are higher or equal to version 3.1. It turns off the pipeline log of the Rails asset and suppresses the messages in the development log. Request Log Analyzer This is a simple command line tool that can analyze the request log files in different formats like Apache or Amazon S3 and prepare a performance report. The aim of this is to find the best actions for optimization. Rails Footnotes It enables easy debugging for your application by displaying footnotes like request parameters, filter chain, queries, routes, cookies, sessions and much more.

It can directly open files in the editor. MethodProfiler It is one of the best tools that captures performance information of the methods in the process and creates a report that allows identifying slow methods. RDoc This is the program for Ruby projects that produces command line documentation and HTML. It includes ri and rdoc tools and displays documentation from the command line. Static Code Analysis Libraries in Ruby Flay This tool analyzes the code for structural similarities and can report differences at any level of the code. It has the capacity to offer both conservative and liberal pruning options. Rails Best Practices It is a code metric tool that can check the quality of the rail codes. It supports ORM/ODMs like Mongomapper, Mongoid, and ActiveRecord. It also supports template engines like ERB, HAML, SLIM and RABL. Reek It is code smell detection for Ruby. It can examine Ruby modules, methods and classes. Reek also helps in reporting any kind of code smells that it can find. SimpleCov It is a code coverage analysis tool for Ruby applications. Built-in coverage library of Ruby is used to capture the code coverage data. Database Utility Libraries in Ruby Lol DBA It is a small package of different rake tasks, which can scan the application models and display it in the form of column lists that can be indexed. It also has the ability to generate .sql migration script. Other Useful Libraries in Ruby Better Errors If a user wants to replace a standard error page with a much better and useful error page, Better Errors is the solution for that. It can also be used outside Rails as a Rack middleware in any Rack app. Annotate It helps the user to add comments by summarizing the present schema to the top or bottom of the ActiveRecords model, fixture files, Tests and Specs, Object Daddy exemplars and others. MailCatcher From the name itself, it can be understood that it catches mails and serves them. It runs on a very simple SMTP server that catches any message and sends it to be displayed on a web interface. Pry If there is any powerful alternative to the standard IRB shell for Ruby, then it is Pry. It offers both source code and documentation browsing. Two of the main features of Pry are syntax highlighting and gist integration. RailRoady The Rail 3/4 model like Mongoid, ActiveRecord, and Datamapper can be generated by RailRoady. It can also generate Controller UML diagrams in the form of cross-platform .svg files and also in DOT language format. Zeus It can preload the Rails app, which enables the normal development tasks like a server, generate and console, the specs/test takes less than a second. In general, it is language-agnostic application checkpointer used for non-multithreaded applications. Ransack It is basically a rewrite of MetaSearch. Though it supports most of the features as MetaSearch the underlying implementation is different. It enables creating both simple and advanced search forms against the application models. FriendlyId It is basically regarded as the “Swiss Army bulldozer” as it can slug and permalink plugins for Active Record. It allows users to create pretty URLs and work with different numeric IDs in the form of human-friendly strings. Settingslogic It is basically a simple configuration or setting solution that uses YAML file that is ERB enabled. It can work with Sinatra, Rails or any kind of Ruby projects. Graph and Chart in Ruby Chartkick With the help of this, you can create beautiful Javascript charts using just one line of Ruby. It works with Sinatra, Rails and most of the browsers including IE6. Gruff Graphs It is a library that enables you to create beautiful graphs like a line graph, bar graph, area graph and much more. It enables you to create your feature branches in the program and push the changes to the branches. Active Record It consists M in the MVC or Model-View-Controller paradigm. It helps in facilitating the creation and use of various business objects the data for which it requires persistent storage to a database.

Log4r It is a comprehensive flexible logging library that is written in Ruby in order to be used in Ruby programs. It has hierarchical logging system used for any number of levels and also has YAML and XML configuration. Prawn It is a pure Ruby PDF generation library. It offers vector drawing support that includes polygons, lines, ellipses, and curves. It also offers JPG and PNG image embedding with flexible scaling option. Origami It is a Ruby framework meant for editing PDF files. It supports advance PDF features like encryption, digital signature, forms, annotation, Flash and much more. Breadcrumbs It is a simple Ruby on Rails plugin that is required for creating and managing a breadcrumb navigation for Rails project. It requires Rails 3 or 4 to run. Crummy The simple way to add breadcrumbs to the Rails application is by using Crummy. The user just needs to add the dependency to the gem file. Whenever It is a Ruby gem that offers a clear syntax, which enables you to write and deploy cron jobs. It can directly installed in the gem file or with a bundler in it. Spree It is an open source e-commerce solution that is built using Ruby on Rails. It consists of many different gems maintained in a single repository and documented in a single set of online documentation. Capistrano It supports JRuby and C-Ruby/YARV. It can be installed through a particular command in the gem file of the application and it can post that bundle that needs to be executed. Attr Encrypted It generates attr_accessors that can transparently encrypt and decrypt attributes. Though it can be used with any class but using with Datamapper, ActiveRecord or Sequel give it some extra features. Refinery It is a Ruby on Rails CMS and supports Rails 3.2 and 4.1. The new version 2.1.4 has the ability to make many core functions optional like visual editor, authentication, and the dashboard. Gosu It is game development library for Ruby. It supports only 2D games and apart from Ruby, it also supports C++ language. It is available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. We have seen here quite a few Ruby libraries that have one or the other benefits for Ruby applications. However, it is our experience and knowledge base that help us choosing the best one among the lot. Moreover, it is always recommended to choose the one that has the highest utility for programs and applications you are using.

[jcmarchi]

A Reader’s Question on Nested Lists

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/a-readers-question-on-nested-lists/

A Reader’s Question on Nested Lists

A couple of days back, among the tens of crypto-scams that flood our contact inbox, we found an interesting question on nested lists from one of our readers.

I have a problem (related to list-numbering) that seems commonplace, but I can’t seem to solve it or find any solution for. If any of your geniuses can answer this, I’m sure there are going to be a lot of people interested.

Styling lists? Enough to catch my attention. After all, I just completed an entire guide about CSS counters. The message continues:

Here’s the problem. It’s a routine numbering sequence, of different levels, found in (for example) [government], legislation, and in my case, condominium bylaws. I have five levels represented by the first number at each level of 1., (1), (a) (lower-alpha), (i) (lower-roman), (A) (upper-alpha). Of course, I have 5 levels here, but if you could demonstrate a solution for 3 levels.

Fair enough! So, what we are looking to achieve is a nested list, where each sublist marker/counter is of a different kind. The example linked in the message is the following:

8 The strata corporation must repair and maintain all of the following: (a) common assets of the strata corporation; (b) common property that has not been designated as limited common property; (c) limited common property, but the duty to repair and maintain it is restricted to (i) repair and maintenance that in the ordinary course of events occurs less often than once a year, and (ii) the following, no matter how often the repair or maintenance ordinarily occurs: (A) the structure of a building; (B) the exterior of a building; (C) chimneys, stairs, balconies and other things attached to the exterior of a building; (D) doors, windows and skylights on the exterior of a building or that front on the common property;

While simple at first glance, it still has some nuance, so let’s try to come up with the most maintainable solution here.

The ugly way

My first approach to this problem was no approach at all; I just opened CodePen, wrote up the HTML, and tried to get my CSS to work towards the final result. After translating the Markdown into ol and li elements, and with no special styling on each list, the base list would look like the following:

Once there, my first instinct was to select each ol element and then change its list-style-type to the desired one. To target each level, I selected each ol depending on its number of ol ancestors, then let the specificity handle the rest:

ol list-style-type: decimal; /* Unnecessary; just for demo */ ol ol list-style-type: lower-alpha; ol ol ol list-style-type: lower-roman; ol ol ol ol list-style-type: upper-alpha;

And as you can see, this works… But we can agree it’s an ugly way to go about it.

Nesting to the rescue

Luckily, CSS nesting has been baseline for a couple of years now, so we could save ourselves a lot of ol selectors by just nesting each element inside the next one.

ol list-style-type: decimal; ol list-style-type: lower-alpha; ol list-style-type: lower-roman; ol list-style-type: upper-alpha;

While too much nesting is usually frowned upon, I think that, for this case in particular, it makes the CSS clearer on what it intends to do — especially since the CSS structure matches the HTML itself, and it also keeps all the list styles in one place. All to the same result:

It’s legal

I don’t know anything about legal documents, nor do I intend to learn about them. However, I do know the law, and by extension, lawyers are finicky about how they are formatted because of legal technicalities and whatnot. The point is that for a legal document, those parentheses surrounding each list marker — like (A) or (ii) — are more than mere decoration and have to be included in our lists, which our current solution doesn’t.

A couple of years back, we would have needed to set a counter for each list and then include the parentheses along the counter() output; repetitive and ugly. Nowadays, we can use the @counter-style at rule, which as its name implies, allows us to create custom counter styles that can be used (among other places) in the list-style-type property.

In case you’re unfamiliar with the @counter-style syntax, what we need to know is that it can be used to extend predefined counter styles (like decimal or upper-alpha), and attach to them a different suffix or prefix. For example, the following counter style extends the common decimal style and adds a dash (-) as a prefix and a colon (:) as a suffix.

@counter-style my-counter-style system: extends decimal; prefix: "- "; suffix: ": "; ol list-style-type: my-counter-style;

In our case, we’ll need four counter styles:

A decimal marker, without the ending dot. The initial submission doesn’t make it clear if it’s with or without the dot, but let’s assume it’s without.

A lower alpha marker, enclosed in parentheses.

A lower Roman marker, also enclosed in parentheses.

An upper alpha marker, enclosed in parentheses as well.

All these would translate to the following @counter-style rules:

@counter-style trimmed-decimal system: extends decimal; suffix: " "; @counter-style enclosed-lower-alpha system: extends lower-alpha; prefix: "("; suffix: ") "; @counter-style enclosed-lower-roman system: extends lower-roman; prefix: "("; suffix: ") "; @counter-style enclosed-upper-alpha system: extends upper-alpha; prefix: "("; suffix: ") ";

And then, we just gotta replace each with its equivalent in our initial ol declarations:

ol list-style-type: trimmed-decimal; ol list-style-type: enclosed-lower-alpha; ol list-style-type: enclosed-lower-roman; ol list-style-type: enclosed-upper-alpha;

It should work without CSS!

Remember, though, it’s a legal document, so what happens if the internet is weak enough so that only the HTML loads correctly, or if someone checks the page from an old browser that doesn’t support nesting or @counter-style?

Thinking only about the list, in most websites, it would be a mild annoyance where the markers go back to decimal, and you have to go by padding to know where each sublist starts. However, in a legal document, it can be a big deal. How big? I am no lawyer, so it beats me, but we still can make sure the list keeps its original numbering even without CSS.

For the task, we can use the HTML type attribute. It’s similar to CSS list-style-type but with its own limited uses. First, its use with ul elements is deprecated, while it can be used in ol elements to keep the lists correctly numbered even without CSS, like in legal or technical documents such as ours. It has the following values:

"1" for decimal numbers (default)

"a" for lowercase alphabetic

"A" for uppercase alphabetic

"i" for lowercase Roman numbers

"I" for uppercase Roman numbers

Inside our HTML list, we would assign the correct numbering for each ol level:

Depending on how long the document is, it may be more the hassle than the benefit, but it is still good to know. Although this kind of document doesn’t change constantly, so it wouldn’t hurt to add this extra safety net.

Welp, that was kinda too much for a list! But that’s something intrinsic to legal documents. Still, I think it’s the simplest way to achieve the initial reader’s goal. Let me know in the comments if you think this is overengineered or if there is an easier way.

More on lists!

[phpcertificationcourse]

Difference Between HTML and CSS

In the realm of web development, two foundational technologies form the backbone of nearly every website: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). While they often work closely together to build and style web pages, they serve fundamentally different purposes. Understanding the differences between HTML and CSS is essential for anyone interested in web design or development.

Introduction to HTML

What is HTML?

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, and it is the standard language used to create the structure of web pages. Developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991, HTML has evolved into a robust language that helps define the layout and content of a website.

Purpose of HTML

HTML is primarily used to:

Define the structure of web documents

Insert and format text

Add images, videos, and other multimedia

Create hyperlinks

Form interactive elements such as buttons and forms

HTML Tags and Elements

HTML uses "tags" enclosed in angle brackets (< >). Each tag has a specific function. For example:

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>

In this code:

defines a main heading

defines a paragraph

defines a hyperlink

HTML follows a nested structure. Tags are often paired with closing tags (</tag>) to wrap content.

Introduction to CSS

What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, a language used for describing the presentation and design of HTML documents. Introduced in 1996 by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), CSS allows developers to apply styles like colors, fonts, spacing, and layouts to HTML elements.

Purpose of CSS

CSS is used to:

Style text (color, font, size)

Manage layout (grid, flexbox, margins, padding)

Control visibility and positioning

Apply responsive design

Animate HTML elements

CSS Syntax and Example

CSS rules are usually written in a separate file (e.g., style.css) or within a <style> tag. A CSS rule consists of a selector and declaration block:

p {

  color: blue;

  font-size: 16px;

}

This rule selects all <p> elements and applies a blue font color and a font size of 16 pixels.

Key Differences Between HTML and CSS

Feature

HTML

CSS

Purpose

Structure of a webpage

Styling of a webpage

Language Type

Markup language

Style sheet language

File Extension

.html or .htm

.css

Usage

Adds elements like text, images, forms

Adds color, layout, fonts, and visual effects

Integration

Must be present for any webpage

Optional, but improves user experience

Position in Web Development

Backbone/structure

Design layer/presentation

Role in Web Development

HTML’s Role

Without HTML, there would be no content to style. HTML:

Provides the blueprint for web pages

Organizes content in a logical structure

Serves as a framework for CSS and JavaScript to enhance

HTML is essential for SEO (Search Engine Optimization), accessibility, and content hierarchy.

CSS’s Role

CSS enhances the user experience by:

Making content visually appealing

Ensuring the layout adapts to different screen sizes (responsive design)

Keeping style rules separate from structure, promoting clean code and reusability

Working Together: HTML + CSS

HTML and CSS are complementary. HTML provides the "what," and CSS provides the "how it looks." Here's an example of them working together:

HTML File (index.html):

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

</head>

<body>

  <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>

  <p>This is a simple paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

CSS File (styles.css):

h1 {

  color: darkgreen;

  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;

}

p {

  font-size: 18px;

  color: gray;

}

In this example:

HTML sets the content: a heading and a paragraph

CSS styles the content: changing colors and fonts

Inline, Internal, and External CSS

CSS can be included in three ways:

Inline CSS: Defined within an HTML tag using the style attribute. <p style="color: red;">This is red text.</p>

Internal CSS: Written within a <style> tag in the <head> section of the HTML. <style>

  p { color: blue; }

</style>

External CSS: Linked via a separate .css file. <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">

External CSS is the most scalable and recommended method for larger websites.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of HTML

Easy to learn and use

Supported by all browsers

Crucial for webpage structure

SEO-friendly

Disadvantages of HTML

Limited to content and structure

Requires CSS for styling

Not dynamic on its own (needs JavaScript for interaction)

Advantages of CSS

Separates design from content

Enables responsive design

Allows for consistent styling across pages

Reduces redundancy and improves maintainability

Disadvantages of CSS

Can become complex for large projects

Browser compatibility issues may arise

Changes in structure can require rework in styles

Best Practices for Using HTML and CSS

Use semantic HTML (e.g., , , ) to improve accessibility and SEO

Keep structure and style separate by using external CSS

Use classes and IDs effectively for targeted styling

Test your pages on multiple browsers and devices

Keep your code clean, readable, and well-commented

Real-World Analogy

Think of building a website like constructing a house:

HTML is the framework — the walls, roof, and foundation.

CSS is the interior design — the paint, furniture, and layout.

Without HTML, there’s no house. Without CSS, the house is plain and undecorated.

Conclusion

In summary, HTML and CSS are two essential technologies for creating and designing web pages. HTML defines the structure and content, while CSS is responsible for the visual style and layout. They operate in tandem to deliver functional, attractive, and user-friendly websites.

Understanding the differences between HTML and CSS is the first step toward mastering web development. While HTML answers "What is on the page?", CSS answers "How does it look?" Together, they empower developers to build rich, engaging digital experiences.

[dcpwebdesigners-blog]

Front end web developer skills you need to know

To become a successful front-end web developer, you’ll need a solid foundation in key skills. Mastering HTML & CSS is essential for creating the structure and style of websites.

JavaScript and ES6 add interactivity and modern functionality, while CSS & JS frameworks like Bootstrap and React streamline development.

Understanding GIT & GITHUB for version control and implementing responsive design ensures your projects work seamlessly across all devices.

In this article, we will review some of the key skills required for expert front web development.

Download Infographic

HTML & CSS

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are the backbone of front-end web development. HTML structures the content of a web page, using elements like headings, paragraphs, links, and images.

CSS styles that content, controlling layout, colours, fonts, spacing, and responsiveness. Together, they allow developers to create visually engaging and well-structured websites.

Mastering HTML & CSS is crucial before moving on to more advanced topics like JavaScript or frameworks. You’ll need to understand concepts such as semantic HTML, CSS selectors, the box model, and media queries.

There are plenty of free and paid resources to help you learn. Great starting points include MDN Web Docs, W3Schools, and freeCodeCamp’s Responsive Web Design certification.

Platforms like Codecademy and Coursera also offer beginner-friendly courses. Practising by building small projects is one of the most effective ways to reinforce your learning.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a core technology of front-end web development, used alongside HTML and CSS to create dynamic, interactive websites. While HTML provides the structure and CSS handles styling, JavaScript enables user interaction by manipulating elements on the page in real-time.

It’s responsible for features such as form validation, image sliders, dropdown menus, modal windows, and dynamic content updates without reloading the page (using AJAX). JavaScript interacts with the Document Object Model (DOM), allowing developers to modify HTML and CSS based on user actions like clicks, scrolls, or keystrokes.

Modern front-end development often uses JavaScript libraries and frameworks such as React, Vue.js, or jQuery to streamline development and enhance functionality. Understanding JavaScript fundamentals is essential before diving into these tools.

There are excellent resources to learn JavaScript, whether you’re a beginner or looking to advance your skills. Top recommendations include JavaScript.info, MDN Web Docs, and freeCodeCamp. You can also find interactive tutorials on Codecademy, as well as comprehensive courses on platforms like Udemy and Coursera.

For in-depth understanding, the book Eloquent JavaScript is highly regarded in the developer community. Practising through small projects and coding challenges will solidify your knowledge.

ES6

ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) is a major update to the JavaScript language, introducing powerful new features that make coding more efficient and maintainable. It brought significant improvements to JavaScript syntax and functionality, including let and const for block-scoped variable declarations, arrow functions for cleaner, more concise function expressions, template literals for easier string formatting, and destructuring for simplifying data extraction from arrays and objects.

ES6 also introduced promises for better handling of asynchronous operations, modules for organising code into reusable components, and classes for a more structured, object-oriented approach to JavaScript development.

ES6 has become a standard in front-end web development, forming the backbone of modern frameworks like React, Vue.js, and Angular, where these features are heavily utilised to create fast, scalable, and maintainable web applications. It also improves code readability and reduces common bugs, making it an essential skill for front-end developers.

To learn ES6, great resources include MDN Web Docs, JavaScript.info, freeCodeCamp’s JavaScript course, and Codecademy’s interactive tutorials. The book Eloquent JavaScript also covers ES6 in depth, while platforms like Udemy and Coursera offer structured courses for more in-depth learning. Practising with real-world projects is the best way to master ES6.

CSS & JS Frameworks

CSS and JavaScript frameworks play a vital role in front-end web development by streamlining the coding process and reducing development time.

CSS frameworks like Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS, and Foundation provide pre-written CSS classes and components for creating responsive layouts, navigation menus, buttons, and more. They help ensure consistent design and save developers from writing repetitive code.

JavaScript frameworks such as React, Vue.js, and Angular offer structured approaches to building interactive user interfaces and managing complex application states. These frameworks simplify DOM manipulation, improve performance, and enable the creation of reusable components.

By using these frameworks, developers can build modern, responsive, and scalable web applications more efficiently.

To learn CSS frameworks, explore the official documentation for Bootstrap or Tailwind CSS, as well as tutorials on freeCodeCamp and W3Schools. For JS frameworks, the React and Vue.js official docs, MDN Web Docs, Codecademy, and Scrimba offer excellent learning paths.

GIT & GITHUB

GIT and GitHub are essential tools for front-end web developers, enabling efficient version control and collaboration. GIT is a distributed version control system that tracks code changes, allowing developers to manage project history, revert to earlier versions, and work on multiple features simultaneously using branches.

GitHub is a cloud-based platform that hosts GIT repositories, making it easy for developers to collaborate, share code, and contribute to open-source projects. It also offers features like pull requests, code reviews, and issue tracking to streamline development workflows.

In front-end web development, GIT and GitHub are used to manage code for websites and applications, ensuring version control and seamless collaboration. They also make it easy to showcase projects in a professional portfolio.

To learn GIT and GitHub, consider GitHub Learning Lab, freeCodeCamp, Codecademy, and MDN Web Docs. Platforms like GitHub Docs and GitKraken also provide excellent guides and tutorials for beginners.

Responsive Design

Responsive design is a crucial aspect of front-end web development, ensuring that websites look and function well across a wide range of devices, from mobile phones to large desktop screens.

It focuses on creating flexible layouts, images, and components that automatically adjust to different screen sizes and orientations. This approach enhances user experience, boosts SEO, and reduces bounce rates by delivering a consistent browsing experience, regardless of the device.

Responsive design relies on key techniques like media queries, flexbox, and CSS grid to control the layout and structure of a website. Fluid grids and responsive images ensure content scales appropriately, while mobile-first design prioritises smaller screens before scaling up to larger devices.

Many front-end frameworks, like Bootstrap and Tailwind CSS, include built-in responsive design features, making it easier to create flexible layouts.

In modern front-end development, responsive design is essential, as mobile traffic continues to grow. It’s a core requirement for building professional websites and web applications.

To learn responsive design, consider resources like MDN Web Docs, W3Schools, and freeCodeCamp’s Responsive Web Design certification.

Books like Responsive Web Design with HTML5 and CSS by Ben Frain and platforms like Codecademy also offer comprehensive tutorials.

Building small projects and experimenting with media queries is a practical way to master this vital skill, ensuring your web pages deliver a seamless experience across all devices.

Conclusion

Mastering front-end web development skills like HTML & CSS, JavaScript, ES6, CSS & JS frameworks, GIT & GitHub, and responsive design is essential for building modern, high-performing websites.

These skills form the foundation of interactive, responsive, and visually appealing web pages. By leveraging powerful frameworks and adopting best practices, you can streamline your workflow and create exceptional user experiences.

With countless online resources available, from MDN Web Docs to freeCodeCamp, there’s never been a better time to start your front-end development journey. Keep practising, stay curious, and continue expanding your skill set to become a proficient developer.

Article first published: https://dcpweb.co.uk/blog/front-end-web-developer-skills-you-need-to-know

[learning-code-ficusoft]

How to Use Python for Web Scraping with Beautiful Soup

How to Use Python for Web Scraping with Beautiful Soup Web scraping is a technique used to extract data from websites, enabling you to gather valuable information for analysis or automation. 

Python, with its extensive ecosystem of libraries, makes web scraping both accessible and efficient. 

One of the most popular tools for this purpose is Beautiful Soup, a library designed to parse and navigate HTML and XML documents with ease. 

Beautiful Soup provides a Pythonic way to extract data from web pages by using a tree-like structure to represent the document. 

This allows you to search, traverse, and manipulate HTML elements such as tags, attributes, and content. 

In this blog, we’ll walk through the essentials of web scraping using Beautiful Soup.

You’ll learn how to: 

Set up your environment and install necessary libraries like requests and Beautiful Soup. 

Fetch web pages using the requests library. 

Parse HTML content with Beautiful Soup to locate specific elements using methods like find, find_all, or CSS selectors.

 Handle challenges such as navigating complex structures, managing dynamic content, and respecting web scraping ethics, including adherence to a site’s robots.txt file.

WEBSITE: https://www.ficusoft.in/python-training-in-chennai/

[ailurinae]

What? You don't have to copy paste the HTML to get a theme!

Here are the official instructions but I will also post the basics as well https://help.tumblr.com/hc/en-us/articles/230775027-Customizing-Your-Theme

Go to https://www.tumblr.com/themes/

(Yes there are paid ones for some reason. There are great free ones, I wouldn't pay for one, but if you want to, knock yourself out)

Find a theme you like, that is has been update later than like... 2018? or something? Old themes won't use NPF properly which will cause issues with how certain posts look on you blog - new ones *might* still do it wrong, but lower likelihood. I think there is work happening to either remove or at least label the legacy ones. Not sure on details.

Anyway click on different ones to see a bigger image and other details on what features it has. When you find one you like, you can click "Preview" to see how it will look, or just go straight to using it with the "Install" button

Themes will have varying amounts of customizing you can do with just option selectors and color pickers and such, as well as adding custom pages (separate "about" page, commission page, whatever)

(Above, some of the options generic to themes, and to the specific theme I am using (Vision by @april with some slight tweaks))

Note that you don't *have* to change any of these, once you "Install" on the theme, you are good to go.

If you want to *further* customize the theme you picked you will need a little HTML/CSS knowledge and have to start understanding Tumblr's templating a bit. I used this to change how timestamps are displayed, pretty easy.

Help page here: https://help.tumblr.com/hc/en-us/articles/230778847-Custom-HTML

If you want to make your own theme, it will require greater understanding, but aside from the docs, check out @eggdesign's theme builder to get a head start

https://github.com/cornetespoir/build-a-theme https://cornetespoir.github.io/build-a-theme/

Eggbuilder also has free themes, and talks a lot about how themes work and such.

Main tumblr theme documentation: https://www.tumblr.com/docs/en/custom_themes

are some of the people newer to tumblr aware of the joys of theme customization on desktop? I know some ppl are just on mobile so they can’t really change things but like SO many blogs nowadays have 0 theme customization and just use the default theme and I’m beginning to wonder if they even know about the option. It’s one of the main reasons why I still use tumblr

[juveria-dalvi]

Web Scraping 101: Understanding the Basics

Data Analytics, also known as the Science of Data, has various types of analytical methodologies, But the very interesting part of all the analytical process is collecting data from different sources. It is challenging to collect data while keeping the ACID terms in mind. I'll be sharing a few points in this article which I think is useful while learning the concept of Web Scrapping.

The very first thing to note is not every website allows you to scrape their data.

Before we get into the details, though, let’s start with the simple stuff…

What is web scraping?

Web scraping (or data scraping) is a technique used to collect content and data from the internet. This data is usually saved in a local file so that it can be manipulated and analyzed as needed. If you’ve ever copied and pasted content from a website into an Excel spreadsheet, this is essentially what web scraping is, but on a very small scale.

However, when people refer to ‘web scrapers,’ they’re usually talking about software applications. Web scraping applications (or ‘bots’) are programmed to visit websites, grab the relevant pages and extract useful information.

Suppose you want some information from a website. Let’s say a paragraph on Weather Forecasting! What do you do? Well, you can copy and paste the information from Wikipedia into your file. But what if you want to get large amounts of information from a website as quickly as possible? Such as large amounts of data from a website to train a Machine Learning algorithm? In such a situation, copying and pasting will not work! And that’s when you’ll need to use Web Scraping. Unlike the long and mind-numbing process of manually getting data, Web scraping uses intelligence automation methods to get thousands or even millions of data sets in a smaller amount of time.

As an entry-level web scraper, getting familiar with the following tools will be valuable:

1. Web Scraping Libraries/Frameworks:

Familiarize yourself with beginner-friendly libraries or frameworks designed for web scraping. Some popular ones include: BeautifulSoup (Python): A Python library for parsing HTML and XML documents. Requests (Python): A simple HTTP library for making requests and retrieving web pages. Cheerio (JavaScript): A fast, flexible, and lightweight jQuery-like library for Node.js for parsing HTML. Scrapy (Python): A powerful and popular web crawling and scraping framework for Python.

2. IDEs or Text Editors:

Use Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) or text editors to write and execute your scraping scripts efficiently. Some commonly used ones are: PyCharm, Visual Studio Code, or Sublime Text for Python. Visual Studio Code, Atom, or Sublime Text for JavaScript.

3. Browser Developer Tools:

Familiarize yourself with browser developer tools (e.g., Chrome DevTools, Firefox Developer Tools) for inspecting HTML elements, testing CSS selectors, and understanding network requests. These tools are invaluable for understanding website structure and debugging scraping scripts.

4. Version Control Systems:

Learn the basics of version control systems like Git, which help manage your codebase, track changes, and collaborate with others. Platforms like GitHub and GitLab provide repositories for hosting your projects and sharing code with the community.

5. Command-Line Interface (CLI):

Develop proficiency in using the command-line interface for navigating file systems, running scripts, and managing dependencies. This skill is crucial for executing scraping scripts and managing project environments.

6. Web Browsers:

Understand how to use web browsers effectively for browsing, testing, and validating your scraping targets. Familiarity with different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari can be advantageous, as they may behave differently when interacting with websites.

7.Documentation and Online Resources:

Make use of official documentation, tutorials, and online resources to learn and troubleshoot web scraping techniques. Websites like Stack Overflow, GitHub, and official documentation for libraries/frameworks provide valuable insights and solutions to common scraping challenges.

By becoming familiar with these tools, you'll be equipped to start your journey into web scraping and gradually build upon your skills as you gain experience.

learn more

Some good Python web scraping tutorials are:

"Web Scraping with Python" by Alex The Analyst - This comprehensive tutorial covers the basics of web scraping using Python libraries like BeautifulSoup and Requests.

These tutorials cover a range of web scraping techniques, libraries, and use cases, allowing you to choose the one that best fits your specific project requirements. They provide step-by-step guidance and practical examples to help you get started with web scraping using Python

[softieons123]

Tips and Tricks for Mastering Front-End Development

The face of modern IT solutions and services is front-end development, which is vital for creating more interactive, user-friendly websites and applications. Selecting the best IT solutions provider is also largely dependent on front-end development, which is the face of the web application and requires expertise in coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Gaining proficiency in front-end development is a lifelong process that requires constant learning and improvement, regardless of experience level. These pointers will help you improve your knowledge of front-end development.

1. Keep abreast of emerging trends and technologies:

Front-end development is a rapidly evolving field that adapts to new frameworks, tools, and best practices as they become available. Therefore, it is crucial to stay current to be effective and competitive in the field.

Follow Industry Leaders: You can learn a lot about the most recent advancements from the majority of the industry leaders who have blogs, social media profiles, and forums.

Attend Conferences and Meetups: You can network with other professionals in your field of work and gain exposure to new tools and techniques by attending local meetups and conferences on web development.

Online tutorials and courses: These provide new frameworks, libraries, and best practices to learn about.

2. Get the Fundamentals Right:

It is necessary to have a sufficient understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript before learning a more complex framework or library.

HTML: Gain an understanding of the elements, attributes, and semantic HTML5 tags, as well as the structure of HTML documents.

CSS: Learn more about animations, flexbox, grid, box model, selectors, and responsive design concepts.

Learn the fundamentals of JavaScript, including loops, events, variables, and functions. Examine some of the more recent additions to JavaScript, like promises, async/await, and ES6+ syntax.

3. Learn about responsive design:

Since mobile devices are now used by the majority of Richardlinux users to browse websites, responsive designs—those that work flawlessly on large monitors as well as tiny screens—are essential.

Media Queries: To apply different styles based on screen size, use CSS media queries.

Flexible Grids and Layouts: When designing a fluid structure that can accommodate various screen sizes, use flexible grid systems and layouts.

Design Using the Mobile-First Method: Design ought to begin on the smallest screen and progress to larger screens.

4. Enhance Efficiency:

It suggests that the website's operation is optimized for a quick user experience. It guarantees that a website with a slow loading speed will have a high bounce rate and low user satisfaction.

Reduce the Number of HTTP Requests: In addition to using CSS sprites for images, you can reduce the number of HTTP requests by minifying and combining CSS and JavaScript files.

Image optimization is the process of using next-generation image formats, such as WebP, to compress images without sacrificing quality or maintaining quality.

Lazy loading can be applied to images as well as other resources, allowing content to load only when needed.

A content delivery network (CDN) reduces latency and speeds up loading times by distributing the content among several servers.

Conclusion

Mastering front-end development is crucial for creating visually appealing and user-friendly websites. From understanding the basics of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to mastering advanced frameworks like React and Angular, the right approach can make all the difference. Softieons, an IT company that specializes in front-end development services, offers expert guidance to help you navigate this ever-evolving field. With their innovative solutions and deep industry knowledge, Softieons ensures that your front-end projects are not only functional but also highly engaging and responsive, delivering a seamless user experience.

[jcmarchi]

CSSWG Minutes Telecon (2024-08-14)

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/csswg-minutes-telecon-2024-08-14/

CSSWG Minutes Telecon (2024-08-14)

I was just going over the latest CSSWG minutes (you can subscribe to them at W3C.org) and came across a few interesting nuggets I wanted to jot down for another time. The group discussed the CSS Values, CSS Easing, and Selectors modules, but what really caught my eye was adding triggered delays to CSS for things like hover, long taps, and focus states.

The idea stems from an OpenUI proposal, the same group we can thank for raising things like the Popover API and customizable select element. The concept, if I understand it right, is that anytime someone hovers, taps, or focuses on, say, a <button> for a certain amount of time, we can invoke some sort of thing. A tooltip is the perfect illustration. Hovering over the trigger element, the reasoning goes, is an expression of interest and as web authors, we can do something with that interest, like displaying a tooltip.

Whoa, right?! There’s long been chatter about CSS encroaching on JavaScript territory (isn’t it ironic, don’t you think?). Firing events in response to interaction is quite literally the only thing I use JavaScript for. There’s no mistake about that in the CSSWG, as documented in the minutes:

So. Does this belong in CSS? Or should it be elsewhere? Does the approach make sense? Are there better ideas? Most interested in the last.

[…]

Other question; does this belong in CSS or HTML… maybe this is just a javascript feature? In JS you can determine MQ state and change things so it wouldn’t necessarily be in CSS.

And shortly later:

As you were talking; one thing that I kept thinking of; should developers be customizing the delay at all? Original use case for delay is that hover shouldn’t be instant. But if we don’t allow for customizing we can align to platform delay lengths.

But there’s an excellent point to be made about the way many of us are already doing this with CSS animations (animation-delay) and transitions (transition-delay). Sometimes even applying those globally with the Universal Selector or a prefers-* query.

Things get even hairier when considering how values are defined for this. Are they explicit delays (800ms), generic keywords (none/short/medium/long), a custom property, a pseudo-class… something else? I’m glad there’re incredibly smart folks noodling on this stuff.

I think here it would be good to go with time values. CSS is a good place to put it. We have all the ergonomics. The right declarative place to put it.

Whatever the eventual case may be:

I think this sounds reasonable and I’d like to explore it. Unsure if this is the exact shape, but this space seems useful to me.

[businessa]

Full Stack Developer Course Syllabus at SyntaxLevelUp

Embarking on a journey to become a Full Stack Developer requires mastering a wide range of skills, from front-end technologies to back-end systems, and everything in between. At SyntaxLevelUp, our Full Stack Developer course is designed to equip you with the comprehensive knowledge and hands-on experience necessary to excel in the tech industry. Here’s an in-depth look at our syllabus:

Module 1: Introduction to Full Stack Development

- Overview of Full Stack Developer training in pune: Understanding the roles and responsibilities of a Full Stack Developer.

- Development Environments: Setting up your development environment with tools like VS Code, Git, and GitHub.

- Version Control: Mastering Git and GitHub for collaboration and version management.

Module 2: Front-End Development

HTML & CSS

- HTML Fundamentals: Elements, attributes, forms, tables, and semantic HTML.

- CSS Basics: Selectors, properties, values, and CSS Grid/Flexbox.

- Responsive Design: Media queries, mobile-first design, and frameworks like Bootstrap.

- Advanced CSS: Animations, transitions, and preprocessors like SASS.

JavaScript

- JavaScript Essentials: Variables, data types, operators, and control structures.

- DOM Manipulation: Selecting and manipulating DOM elements, event handling.

- ES6+ Features: Arrow functions, destructuring, spread/rest operators, and modules.

- Asynchronous JavaScript: Promises, async/await, and AJAX.

Front-End Frameworks and Libraries

- React Basics: Components, JSX, props, state, and lifecycle methods.

- Advanced React: Hooks, context API, and performance optimization.

- State Management: Introduction to Redux and managing state in complex applications.

- Routing: Implementing React Router for single-page applications (SPAs).

Module 3: Back-End Development

Node.js & Express.js

- Node.js Fundamentals: Setting up Node.js, understanding the event loop, and NPM.

- Express.js Basics: Setting up Express, routing, middleware, and RESTful APIs.

- Database Integration: Connecting to databases like MongoDB, using Mongoose for schema definitions and data manipulation.

Databases

- SQL Databases: Introduction to SQL, relational database concepts, and working with MySQL/PostgreSQL.

- NoSQL Databases: Understanding NoSQL, document databases, and working with MongoDB.

Module 4: Full Stack Integration

- API Development: Creating and consuming RESTful APIs, understanding HTTP methods and status codes.

- Authentication & Authorization: Implementing user authentication with JWT, OAuth, and secure password storage.

- File Handling: Uploading and managing files in a web application.

Module 5: DevOps and Deployment

- Deployment Strategies:

 Deploying applications using platforms like Heroku, AWS, and Netlify.

- CI/CD Pipelines: Introduction to Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment with tools like Jenkins and GitHub Actions.

- Containerization: Docker basics and creating Docker images for consistent development environments.

Module 6: Capstone Project

- Project Planning: Designing and planning a full-stack training in pune application from scratch.

- Implementation: Building the project using the skills learned throughout the course.

- Testing & Debugging: Writing unit tests, integration tests, and using debugging tools.

- Presentation: Preparing and presenting your project to peers and instructors for feedback.

Additional Resources

- Soft Skills Development: Communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.

- Career Guidance: Resume building, portfolio development, and interview preparation.

Conclusion

Our Full Stack Developer course in pune at SyntaxLevelUp is meticulously crafted to provide you with a solid foundation in both front-end and back-end development. By the end of this course, you will be equipped with the skills and confidence to build and deploy full-stack applications, paving the way for a successful career in tech. Enroll today and take the first step towards becoming a proficient Full Stack Developer!

SyntaxLevelUp offers top-tier full stack training in Pune, designed to transform beginners into proficient developers. Our full stack developer classes in Pune cover a comprehensive curriculum, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, and Node.js. Recognized as the best full stack developer course in Pune, our program combines theoretical knowledge with practical projects. Whether you're looking for full stack developer courses in Pune or full stack classes in Pune, SyntaxLevelUp provides hands-on experience, expert mentorship, and career guidance to ensure your success in the tech industry. Join us and elevate your skills with the finest full stack training in Pune.

[shreyasonkar]

Web Designing Course in Delhi. https://picklesanimation.in/best-web-designing-institute-in-delhi/

Certainly! Here's a structured course content outline for a web designing course offered by Pickles Animation:

Title: Web Design Course by Pickles Animation

Course Overview: This comprehensive course is designed to provide participants with the knowledge and skills required to create modern and user-friendly websites. From understanding design principles and HTML/CSS basics to mastering responsive design and UI/UX concepts, students will gain practical experience through hands-on projects and real-world case studies.

Course Content:

Introduction to Web Design

Understanding the importance of web design in creating effective online experiences

Overview of web design principles and elements

Introduction to web design tools and software

HTML Basics

Understanding the structure of HTML documents

Learning HTML tags and elements

Creating and organizing content with HTML

CSS Basics

Introduction to CSS syntax and selectors

Styling HTML elements with CSS

Understanding CSS properties and values

Responsive Web Design

Understanding the importance of responsive design

Creating flexible layouts using CSS media queries

Designing websites that adapt to different screen sizes and devices

Typography and Color

Choosing and pairing fonts for web typography

Applying color theory principles to web design

Creating harmonious color schemes for websites

Layout Design

Basics of layout design for web pages

Creating grids and wireframes for website layouts

Designing visually appealing and user-friendly interfaces

Navigation Design

Designing intuitive navigation systems for websites

Creating effective menu structures and navigation bars

Implementing breadcrumbs and other navigation aids

UI/UX Design Principles

Understanding user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design

Conducting user research and usability testing

Designing user-centric interfaces and interactions

Introduction to JavaScript

Basics of JavaScript programming language

Adding interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages

Using JavaScript frameworks and libraries (e.g., jQuery)

Project Development and Portfolio Building

Applying learned concepts to real-world web design projects

Building a professional web design portfolio

Presenting and showcasing web design projects effectively

Prerequisites: No formal prerequisites required, but a basic understanding of HTML and CSS is recommended.

Requirements: Computer with internet access, text editor (e.g., Sublime Text, Visual Studio Code).

Course Duration: [X] weeks/months, [X] hours of instruction per week.

Assessment: Quizzes, assignments, web design projects.

Certification: Certificate of completion.

Enrollment: Visit our website or contact us for enrollment details.

Feel free to adjust the content based on the specific features, curriculum, and goals of the web design course offered by Pickles Animation!

[digitalwithme]

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS, is a cornerstone technology in web development, wielding immense power and versatility in shaping the visual presentation of web pages. From defining layout structures to fine-tuning the minutest details of typography and color schemes, CSS empowers developers to create stunning and immersive digital experiences. Let's delve into the depths of CSS and explore its key features, functionalities, and the role it plays in modern web design.

Understanding CSS:

At its core, CSS is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. It works by selecting HTML elements and applying styles to them, defining how they should appear on the screen or other media. CSS allows developers to separate content from presentation, enabling greater flexibility and maintainability in web development projects.

Key Features and Functionality:

Selectors and Declarations: CSS employs selectors to target specific HTML elements and declarations to define the styles applied to those elements. Selectors can be based on element types, classes, IDs, attributes, or even hierarchical relationships within the HTML document.

Box Model: The CSS box model conceptualizes every HTML element as a rectangular box with content, padding, border, and margin areas. Developers can manipulate these properties to control the size, spacing, and positioning of elements on the page.

Layout and Flexibility: CSS offers various layout techniques, including floats, positioning, and the more modern Flexbox and Grid layouts. These tools empower developers to create responsive and adaptive designs that adapt to different screen sizes and devices seamlessly.

Typography and Fonts: With CSS, developers can customize typography by specifying font families, sizes, weights, styles, and spacing. CSS3 introduces advanced features like web fonts, text shadows, and text effects, further enhancing typographic creativity.

Colors and Gradients: CSS provides extensive capabilities for color manipulation, including specifying colors using hexadecimal, RGB, HSL, or named values. Additionally, CSS3 introduces gradient properties, allowing for the creation of smooth color transitions and dynamic backgrounds.

Transitions and Animations: CSS transitions and animations enable the creation of fluid and interactive user experiences. Developers can define animations for properties like opacity, position, and size, adding visual interest and engagement to web interfaces.

Media Queries: Media queries enable developers to apply different styles based on the characteristics of the device or viewport, such as screen size, resolution, or orientation. This facilitates the creation of responsive designs that adapt to various browsing contexts.

The Role of CSS in Modern Web Design:

In the ever-evolving landscape of web design, CSS plays a pivotal role in shaping the visual identity and user experience of websites and applications. Its versatility and expressive power empower designers and developers to bring their creative visions to life, while its modular and scalable nature promotes code maintainability and efficiency.

From simple layouts to complex animations, CSS offers a rich toolkit for crafting immersive digital experiences that captivate and engage audiences. By mastering the intricacies of CSS and staying abreast of emerging trends and best practices, web professionals can unlock the full potential of this indispensable technology and push the boundaries of what's possible in web design.

In conclusion, CSS stands as a cornerstone of modern web development, offering unparalleled control and flexibility in styling web content. Its robust features, combined with its ability to adapt to diverse design requirements, make it an indispensable tool for creating visually stunning and user-friendly websites and applications. As the web continues to evolve, CSS will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of innovation, driving the next generation of digital experiences forward.

Web Development Company in Dehradun

[tamaradoubraomonibeke]

Webflow 101 (LO1)

I researched webflow not only for my final outcome but for my website. Also, it's important as a designer to learn all these necessary terminologies.

The box model for beginners

All content can be expressed in a box. This is why wireframes and rough sketches are often done in box.

The boxes flow like a text document.

It allows control of the document. This allows designers to have a fit structure and not place elements recklessly on the page.

Padding - Space inside the element.

Margin - Space outside the elements.

Intro to HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML - Content

CSS - Style

HTML elements - Heading, paragraph, button, div (boxes that contain other elements together)

Inspect pages to see html and css (right click and inspect) Inspecting allows you change things. Inspecting is temporary and done locally.

Intro to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS - Color, font, background image, spacing and layout, 3d perspective, animated transitions on hover.

Selectors - Applies similar style to objects.

Classes - Similar to component group as features are passed down.

Site Build (Part 1)

Content used in Section - Similar to chapters in a book.

Containers - put everything in it as a form of structure to contain things. It follows the box model and has default margins set on it (mostly placed in the center). Like every other element it's often placed in the Section.

Flexbox - In layout (make it vertical) not manually arranging everything.

CSS - Create Color Swatches (It keeps things consistent)

Typography - Select body and child elements will change type instead of manually. (add fonts)

Alt and drag affects the padding on both sides (top and button is different)

Styling a button creates a class

180 degrees is the modern angle for a shadow.

Body > Section > Containers > content (e.g grid, divblock, flexblock, etc)

Website navbar (Part 2 of Site Build)

Add navbar

Navlinks are link blocks with the menu components

Create style class for navlinks by adding features

Comboclass - in selector for contact page as it's a different button (this will bring up the contact page or form which is important for users as that's every designer's end goal)

Website logo section (Part 3)

(Structure) Add section and container for footer.

Add div block and change layout style to grid

Turn on flexbox

CCS grid - switch to grid in CSS - (Add columns and remove rows) align it,

Website cards section (Part 4)

Create heading 2

Add div block within the grid.

Hold Control and drag elements into div so they stack up on each other.

Create card style.

Style manager - to remove unused elements.

Headings don't need class.

Website form (Part 5)

Add section and container

Command + E = to add elements

Add form block which contains field label and text field

Alt + drag in div to duplicate

Remove heading from container

Flexbox on form

Add divs

Settings in the right hand panel to check success and error state for form.

Website footer (Part 6)

Text link

Alt G for copyright logo

Responsiveness (Part 7)

Navbar settings panel shows the hamburger menu and screens it's visible on.

Custom Interactions (Part 8)

Change style on hover in the selector pane.

Transitions can be made in the none or default state

2d and 3d transformations can be done (use child perspective to give a more 3d feel)

Page load animation

Interactions - bolt

Ease in out quart for animation

Control click - select multiple objects

Accessibility review (Part 10)

Alt text for people using a screen reading

Page settings for SEO Search Engine Optimization (Metadescription)

Open graph title (social media)

Publish custom domain

Add domain

Introducing QuickStack

Presets - quickstacks - grids filled with divs. - grids

Flexbox is good for building 1d

CSS grids is for 2d

Grids - good for auto-layout (the disadvantage is you have to manually add divs)

Quick stacks = divs and grids

V flex and h flex = similar.

[iwebscrapingblogs]

How Web Scraping is Used to Extract URL Data?

In the digital age, data is king. From market research to competitive analysis, data-driven insights power decision-making across industries. However, accessing relevant data isn't always straightforward, especially when it resides on the vast expanse of the World Wide Web. This is where web scraping comes into play, offering a powerful solution for extracting valuable information from web pages. One common application of web scraping is the extraction of URL data, which holds immense potential for various purposes, from SEO optimization to content analysis. Let's delve into how web scraping is utilized to extract URL data and unlock its myriad benefits.

Understanding Web Scraping:

Web scraping is the automated process of extracting data from websites. It involves parsing the HTML structure of web pages and retrieving the desired information programmatically. While manual extraction methods exist, web scraping offers unparalleled efficiency and scalability, enabling users to collect data from numerous sources in a fraction of the time.

Extracting URL Data:

URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) serve as the addresses for specific web pages, each carrying valuable metadata and insights. Extracting URL data involves retrieving information such as page titles, meta descriptions, headings, and more. This data is instrumental in various applications, including:

SEO Optimization: Search engine algorithms heavily rely on URL metadata to determine a website's relevance and rank in search results. By extracting URL data, webmasters can optimize their website's structure, meta tags, and content to enhance visibility and organic traffic.

Competitive Analysis: Understanding competitors' URL structures and metadata provides valuable insights into their content strategy, keyword targeting, and user experience. Web scraping enables businesses to gather this data at scale, facilitating comprehensive competitor analysis and informed decision-making.

Content Curation: Content creators and marketers leverage URL data to curate relevant and engaging content for their audience. By analyzing URLs from reputable sources, they can identify trending topics, popular keywords, and industry-specific insights to inform their content strategy.

Link Building: In the realm of digital marketing, building high-quality backlinks is crucial for improving website authority and search rankings. Web scraping helps identify potential link opportunities by extracting URLs from relevant websites, forums, and directories.

Market Research: Analyzing URLs from industry-specific websites and forums provides valuable market insights, including consumer preferences, emerging trends, and competitor offerings. This data informs strategic decision-making and product development initiatives.

Techniques for URL Data Extraction:

Several techniques and tools facilitate URL data extraction through web scraping:

XPath and CSS Selectors: XPath and CSS selectors enable precise navigation and extraction of HTML elements containing URL metadata. By targeting specific HTML tags and attributes, users can extract URLs efficiently and accurately.

Python Libraries: Python libraries such as BeautifulSoup and Scrapy simplify the web scraping process by providing robust tools for HTML parsing and data extraction. These libraries offer extensive documentation and community support, making them popular choices among developers.

APIs: Some websites offer APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for accessing structured data, including URL metadata. While APIs provide a more structured approach to data extraction, they may impose limitations on access and usage.

Headless Browsers: Headless browsers simulate the behavior of a web browser without a graphical user interface, allowing for dynamic rendering and interaction with JavaScript-heavy websites. Tools like Selenium enable automated browsing and data extraction from such websites.

Best Practices and Considerations:

While web scraping offers immense potential for extracting URL data, it's essential to adhere to ethical and legal guidelines:

Respect Robots.txt: Many websites specify crawling rules in a robots.txt file, which indicates whether certain parts of the site are off-limits to web scrapers. Adhering to these guidelines demonstrates respect for website owners' preferences and helps maintain a positive reputation within the web scraping community.

Avoid Overloading Servers: Excessive and aggressive scraping can strain server resources and disrupt website operations. Implementing rate limiting and concurrency controls mitigates the risk of overloading servers and ensures a smoother scraping process.

Data Privacy and Compliance: When scraping URL data containing personal or sensitive information, ensure compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) and CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act). Respect user privacy rights and handle extracted data responsibly.

Monitor for Changes: Websites frequently update their structure and content, requiring regular monitoring and adjustments to scraping scripts. Implement robust error handling and change detection mechanisms to adapt to evolving web environments.

Conclusion:

Web scraping serves as a powerful tool for extracting URL data and unlocking valuable insights from the vast landscape of the internet. Whether for SEO optimization, competitive analysis, content curation, or market research, the ability to extract and analyze URL metadata offers myriad benefits for businesses and individuals alike. By leveraging web scraping techniques and best practices, organizations can harness the power of URL data to inform strategic decision-making, drive innovation, and stay ahead in an increasingly competitive digital landscape.